Special Characters


RETURN/LINE FEED   [!]
TYPE !!!!,X,!!     (OUTPUTS 4 CARRIAGE RETURN/LINE FEEDS, THE VALUE
                     OF X, AND THEN 2 MORE CARRIAGE RETURN/LINE FEEDS.




CARRIAGE RETURN    [#]
SEE WHAT THE '#' DOES TO LINE 10.35 FIRST WRITTEN THEN EXECUTED:
(SEE HOW THE '/' AND THE '=' ARE SUPERIMPOSED)
10.35 TYPE "X=5",#," /",!!!!!
X/5  (Can't be shown in HTML, only works on printing terminals)





TAB                [:]
SEE WHAT THE ':' DOES TO LINE 11.37 FIRST WRITTEN THEN EXECUTED:
11.37 TYPE "NAME---":25,"ROGER":40,"AGE = ",2*13,!!!!!
NAME---                 ROGER          AGE =   26.0000





OUTPUT FORMATTER   [%]
SEE WHAT THE '%' DOES TO LINE 12.30 FIRST WRITTEN THEN EXECUTED:
12.30 SET X=123.456;TYPE %6.04 X,!;TYPE % 4.02 X,!;T % 3.0 X,!;T %,X,!
  123.456
  123.5
  124
  0.1234560000E+03
'%4.02' PERMITS FOUR DIGITS TO BE OUTPUT INCLUDING UP TO TWO
DECIMAL PLACES; 'TYPE %' ALONE GIVES POWERS OF TEN NOTATION.





SYMBOL TABLE       [$]
TYPE $             (OUTPUTS LIST OF DEFINED VARIABLES)





QUOTATION MARKS    ["]
TEXT MAY BE TYPED BY ENCLOSING IT IN QUOTES
SEE WHAT THE '"' DOES TO LINE 14.65 FIRST WRITTEN THEN EXECUTED:
14.65 TYPE "THE ANSWER IS ",3+8,!!!!!
THE ANSWER IS   11.0000





TRACE              [?]
THE FIRST TIME FOCAL READS A '?' (EXCEPT WITHIN QUOTES) IT WILL
START OUTPUTTING THE PROGRAM WHILE IT IS EXECUTING IT; THE NEXT
TIME IT ENCOUNTERS A '?' IT WILL STOP TYPING OUT THE PROGRAM.
SEE WHAT THE '?' DOES TO LINE 15.60 FIRST WRITTEN THEN EXECUTED:
15.60 SET X=3;? SET Y=5;TYPE X/Y,!?
 SET Y=5;TYPE X/Y,   0.6000!
A 'GO ?' COMMAND WILL TRACE THE ENTIRE PROGRAM.





POWER OF TEN       [E OR &]
'E' MAY BE CHANGED TO '&' IN THE INITIAL DIALOGUE
SEE WHAT THE 'E' DOES TO LINE 6.80 FIRST WRITTEN THEN EXECUTED:
06.80 TYPE 1E1,7E3,1.23E-2,3.76E217,!!!!!
  10.0000  7000.00   0.0123  0.376000E+218





RUBOUT KEY
WHEN WRITING A PROGRAM, ONE CHARACTER WILL BE ERASED EACH TIME
THE RUBOUT KEY IS STRUCK; RUBOUT WILL SHOW AS A '\' --- THUS:
'PLWEA\\\EASE' BECOMES 'PLEASE'.





CTRL/C   (PRESSING 'CTRL' AND 'C' AT THE SAME TIME)
WILL RETURN USER TO THE PS/8 MONITOR WHEN FOCAL IS USING PS/8
ROUTINES --- THE 'LIBRARY EXIT' COMMAND IS PREFERRED FOR
LEAVING PS/8 FOCAL,1971.  CTRL/P IS THE BREAK CHARACTER.




CTRL/G   [BELL]   (PRESSING 'CTRL' AND 'G' AT THE SAME TIME)
USED WITH THE 'MODIFY' COMMAND TO CHANGE THE SEARCH CHARACTER.





CTRL/L   (PRESSING 'CTRL' AND 'L' AT THE SAME TIME)
USED WITH 'MODIFY' TO SKIP TO THE NEXT SEARCH CHARACTER.





CTRL/P   (PRESSING 'CTRL' AND 'P' AT THE SAME TIME)
PS/8 FOCAL'S BREAK CHARACTER --- ENDS PROGRAM EXECUTION AND CAUSES
FOCAL TO PRINT ITS '*'.




CTRL/Z   (PRESSING 'CTRL' AND 'Z' AT THE SAME TIME)
IS THE LAST CHARACTER IN A PS/8 FOCAL DATA FILE.  ATTEMPTS TO READ
PAST THE END-OF-FILE WILL CAUSE A '?' TO BE TYPED ON THE TERMINAL
AND WILL RESTORE THE TERMINAL AS THE INPUT DEVICE.




LINE FEED
USED WITH THE 'MODIFY' COMMAND TO RETAIN REMAINDER OF MODIFIED LINE.




KILL LINE          [_]  (BACK ARROW)
WHEN WRITING A PROGRAM, '_' DELETES EVERYTHING OVER TO LEFT MARGIN.
IN RESPONSE TO 'ASK' COMMAND, '_' KILLS THE NUMBER BEING ENTERED.




RETURN KEY
USED WITH THE 'MODIFY' COMMAND TO DELETE REMAINDER OF MODIFIED LINE.
'RETURN' IS A LEGAL SYMBOL FOR SEPARATING DATA PROVIDED TO AN 'ASK'
COMMAND.




ALT MODE KEY ('ESCAPE' OR 'PREFIX' ON SOME TERMINALS)
IN RESPONSE TO AN 'ASK' COMMAND, ALT MODE RETAINS THE PREVIOUS
VALUE OF THE VARIABLE.




SPACE KEY
IT IS A LEGAL SYMBOL FOR SEPARATING DATA REQUESTED BY AN 'ASK'




COMMA              [,]
IT IS A LEGAL SYMBOL FOR SEPARATING DATA IN TYPE AND ASK COMMANDS.
SEE WHAT THE ',' DOES TO LINE 26.40 FIRST WRITTEN THEN EXECUTED:
26.40 TYPE 2,3,5/6,12^3,!!!!
   2.0000   3.0000   0.8333  1728.00




SEMICOLON          [;]
SEPARATES COMMANDS WHEN PLACED TOGETHER ON ONE LINE
SEE WHAT THE ';' DOES TO LINE 27.42 FIRST WRITTEN THEN EXECUTED:
27.42 SET X=17;TYPE 3*X;SET X=3/7; TYPE "   ",X+3,!!!!
  51.0000      3.4286