File HELP.HL (help file)

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OS/78 command summary. Processed by HELP.SV. To add text files:


 
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                    *** OS/78 Command Summary ***

ASSIGN	Rename a logical device		LOAD	Load filespec
BASIC	Enter BASIC system		MAP	Map binary files
BOOT	Bootstrap another device	MEMORY	Adjust memory size
COMPARE compare ASCII files		ODT	Run octal debugger
COMPILE Compile FORTRAN, BASIC, PAL	PAL	Assemble filespec
COPY	Copy filespec			R	Run program from SYS:
CREATE	Open new filespec for editing	RENAME	Rename filespec
CREF	Assemble with CREFed listing    RTFLOP  RT-11 to OS/78 transfer
DATE    Enter or read date		RUN     Run filespec
DEASSI  Deassign logical devices        SAVE    Save program image
DELETE  Delete filespec                 SET     Alter device characteristics
DIRECT  Request directory               SQUISH  Remove empty blocks on a device
DUPLIC  Copy diskette                   START   Start [loaded] program
EDIT    Edit file                       SUBMIT  Request BATCH operation
EXECUTE Load/run FORTRAN, BASIC, PAL    TERMIN  Run TERMIN.SV (user written)
FORMAT  Format RL01/02 disk for OS/78   TYPE    Type filespec
FUTIL   File utility program            UA-UC   User defined commands
GET     Load image file into memory     ZERO    Zero directory of a device
HELP    "HELP" prints this list; "HELP ?" lists available HELP subjects.
	"HELP WRITE" has instructions for writing your own HELP files.

&BASIC BASIC.SV @Calling Commands: .BASIC @Internal Commands: BYE Exit from BASIC EDIT Edit a line LIST List current program statements NAME Rename current program NEW Prepare for a new program OLD Retrieve an old program RUN Run current program SAVE Save current program SCRATCH Delete current program SEQ Begin auto sequence mode
&BOOT BOOT.SV @Calling Commands: .BOOT/dv @dv = RX to boot from RL01/02 disk to RX01/02 diskette = RL to boot from RX01/02 diskette to RL01/02 disk
&COMPAR SRCCOM.SV @Calling Commands: .COMPAR outdev:file.PA<indev:file1.PA,indev:file2.PA .COMPAR outfile.PA<infile1.PA,infile2.PA - - - -(iles on DSK) @Switches: /B Compare blank lines /C Don't compare (slashed) comments /S Don't compare tabs and spaces /T Convert tabs to spaces on output /X Don't compare or print comments @ERRORS: ?0 Insufficient memory ?1 Input error file 1 (or less than 2 input files) ?2 Input error file 2 ?3 Output file too large ?4 Output error ?5 Can't open output file
&COMPILE &FORTRAN Assembles (and compiles if necessary) programs written in: BASIC (runs BASIC.SV) FORTRAN (runs F4.SV) PAL8 (runs PAL8.SV) @FORTRAN Calling Commands: (Compile FORTRAN PROGRAM) .COMPILE outdev:ralffilE.RL,outdev:listfile.LS,outdev:mapfile.MP<indev:file.FT .COMPILE infile.FT - - - -(from DSK) @Switches: /L Chain to loader to create load-image file (use loader options too) /G Same as /L and runs program /N Suppress internal statement numbers /Q Optimize cross-statement subscripting .HELP F4ERR (Prints FORTRAN error messages) PAL8 and BASIC Calling Commands: (Assemble PAL program compile, load and run BASIC program) See HELP for PAL8 and BASIC
&CREF CREF.SV @Calling Commands: .CREF outdev:binfile.BN,outdev:listfile.LS,outdev:tempfile.TM<indev:file.PA .CREF indev:file.PA - - (listing to LPT only) .CREF infile.PA - - - - (listing to LPT, input file on DSK) @Switches: /E Don't delete temporary CREF file (CREFLS.TM) /M CREF files with many symbols in 2 passes (twice as slow) /P No pass 1 listing /U No listing or symbol table /X No literals
&DIRECT DIRECT.SV @Calling Commands .DIR dev:filespec (* = wild name or extension) (? = wild character) .DIR @Switches: /B Include starting block numbers (octal) /C List only files with current date /E Include empties /F Fast mode /M List empties only /O List only files with other than today's date /R List remainder of files after first one (but use /C,/O) /U Treat each input specification separately /V List files not of form specified =n Use n columns
&DUPLICATE RXCOPY.SV @Calling Commands: .DUPLIC outdev:<indev: @Switches: /C Default, copy and match /D Format output diskette to double-density (RX02) /M Match with no implied copy /N Copy with no implied match /P Pause before and after accessing disk /R Read output device with no implied copy or match /S Format output diskette to single-density (RX02)
&EDIT &CREATE EDIT.SV @Calling Commands: Internal Commands: .EDIT outdev:file.PA<indev:file.PA A Append text .CREATE outfile.PA B List # locations left C Change text @Switches: D Delete text /A Return to editor on close E Transfer rest of data,close /B Convert spaces to tab F After j,resume search /D Predelete G Get and list tagged line I Insert text Errors: J Inter-buffer search ?0 Input error K Kill buffer ?1 Output error L List text ?2 Close error M Wove text ?3 Open error N Write text,read next page ?4 Couldn't load handler P Write buffer to output Q Immediate end of file R Read from input device S Character search V List on line printer Y Input page,no output
&EXECUTE PAL8.SV and ABSLDR.SV F4.SV, FRTS.SV, and LOAD.SV BASIC.SV, BRTS.SV, and BLOAD.SV (Compile, assemble, load, and run PAL, FORTRAN, @Calling Commands: and BASIC programs) .EXECUTE indev:file NOTE See BASIC, COMPILE, LOAD, and PAL Commands for additional command strings and options. &FUTIL FUTIL.SV Note: FUTIL is a versatile program, but is also quite sophisticated. Do not use this utility until you have read the manual and understand what you want to do. Always operate with a copy of your system files. Conditions are established with the command SET "function argument". Currently existing conditions are returned with the command SHOW "function". Additional commands allow file manipulation, and BATCH control. SET DEVICE device: declare input device DDEVIC device: declare output device DMODE ALL output to declared and default devices PART output only to declared devices NONE no output ERROR LONG long form of error messages SHORT abbreviated error messages FILLER numeric sets low bits of numeric arguments FORMAT one of: ASCII, BCD, BYTE, DIRECTORY, FPP, OCTAL, OS, UNSIGNED, SIGNED, XS240 LOWER numeric lower limit for search MASK numeric mask for WORD search MODE one of: LOAD, NORMAL, OFFSET, SAVE OFFSET numeric sets low bits of location searched for OUTPUT one of: FPP, OCTAL, PDP TEMP numeric set TEMP=n (24bit) SHOW one of: ABSOLUTE, BLOCK, CCB, DEVICE, DDEVICE, ERRORS, FILLER, FORMAT, HEADER, LOWER, MASK, MODE, ODT, OFFSET, OUTPUT, RELATIVE, SMASK, UPPER, VERSION DUMP [format] location string LIST [format] location string MODIFY (in some format,) location string Formats: ASCII, PACKED OS, XS240, NUMERIC WORD one of: ABSOLUTE, FROM, MEMREF, TO, UNEQUAL [bit pattern to use] STRING one of: ABSOLUTE, FROM, MASKED, TO [string to use] SMASK [string mask to use] FILE retrieve file parameters WRITE write out modification buffer SCAN read check of DDEV REWIND initialize directory references OPEN open a file on DDEV CLOSE close a file on DDEV EVALUATE <expression> BATCH operations: IF <expression> evaluates to zero continue, else skip to END END enable execution following a non-zero IF COMMENT pass comment from TTY to BATCH log EXIT exit to BATCH (if running, else exit to OS/78 monitor) Single character commands: (n = optional numeric argument) n/ open location in current mode (all locations are closed before the next commands are executed) n# output location contents in BCD n$ (dollar) output contents in ASCII n% output contents in OS/78 BYTE mode n& output contents in XS240 ASCII n: output contents in SIGNED DECIMAL n< output contents in OCTAL n= output contents in UNSIGNED DECIMAL n> output contents in PDP (symbolic) n? output contents in DIRECTORY format n@ output contents in OS/78 DATE format n[ output contents in ASCII n\ output contents in FFP (symbolic) ] output contents in PACKED ASCII n<esc> output contents in the current format n<ret> close the location(s) with no output n; close the location(s), open the next; has no output
&FORMAT FORMAT.SV @CALLING COMMAND: .FORMAT RL01/option or: .FORMAT RL02/option @Options: /0 Drive 0 /1 Drive 1 (default) /P Pause before and after formatting disk NOTE: If additional bad blocks are found on existing packs, some files may not be recoverable. If drive 0 is selected, a PAUSE will follow to allow a chance to exit the program before formatting the system pack. Formatting does not alter the contents of files.
&F4ERR FORTRAN compiler errors: AA Too many args are arrays ML Multiply defined line numbers AS Bad ASSIGN statement MM Mismatched parenthesis BD Bad dimensions MO Expected operand missing BS Bad statement in BLOCK DATA MT Mixed variable types CL Bad complex literal OF Error writing output file CO Syntax error in COMMON OP Illegal operator DA Bad syntax in DATA statement OT Wrong operand type DE Illegal statement at end of DO PD Compiler stack overflow DF Bad DEFINE FILE statement PH Bad program header line DH Hollerith field error QL Nesting error in equivalence DL Wrong data/variable list length QS Syntax error in EQUIVALENCE DN DO-END missing RD Redefining variable dimensions DO Syntax error in do RT Redefining variable type DP Bad DO loop parameter RW Syntax error in read/write EX Syntax error in EXTERNAL SF Bad arithmetic function GT Syntax error in GOTO SN Illegal name in call GV Variable not INTEGER or REAL SS Subscript expression error HO Hollerith field error ST Symbol table full IE Error reading input file SY System error IF Improper statement TD Bad syntax in type declaration LI Bad arg to logical IF US Undefined statement number LT Input line too long VE Version error MK Misspelled keyword
&LOAD For PAL8 generated binaries: .LOAD indev:binfile.BN,... @Switches: /8 Prog doesn't use below 02000 /9 Prog doesn't use below 12000 /G Execute program /I Memory image file /R Reset /S Multiple binaries/file /ff Force loading to field ff (ff is two octal digits) =ffnnnn Set starting address For FORTRAN programs: .LOAD outdev:file.LD<indev:file1.RL,... @Switches: /C Continue on next line (use RET for cont. lines and ESC for last line) /G Chain to run-time system and execute program (terminate line with ESC to give I/O specifications and with RET to begin execution) /S Print symbol map
&MAP BITMAP.SV @Calling Command: .MAP outdev:mapfile.MP<indev:file.BN,... @Switches: /n Force mapping of all files to field n (0-7) /R Reset internal map /S Allow multiple binaries per file /T Select TTY (default) or LPT output format
&ODT ODT @Calling Commands: .ODT @Internal Commands: ffnnnn/ Open loc nnnn+ Open current loc+nnnn / Reopen last opened loc nnnn- Open current loc-nnnn nnnn Deposit nnnn in open loc nnnnG Go from loc nnnn <cr> Close previously opened loc nnnnB Insert breakpoint at loc nnnn <lf> Close loc, open next loc B Remove breakpoint ^ Close,open loc addressed A Open AC _ Close,open loc pointed to L Open link M Open search mask C Continue from breakpoint M<lf> Open lower search limit nnnnC Continue nnnn times M<lf><lf> Open upper search limit D Open data field nnnnW Search for nnnn in limits F Open field for ^,_, W and B CTRL/O Supress printing commands
&PAL PAL8.SV @Calling Commands: .PAL outdev:binfile.BN,outdev:listfile.LS,outdev:tempfile.TM<indev:file.PA .PAL infile.PA @Switches: /B Treat ! as byte shift /K Use extra memory /C Chain to CREF /L Load /E Enable error msg on link generated /N No listing /F Disable 0-fill in TEXT pseudop /O Disable origin 200 /G Load and execute program /S No symbol table /H Non-paginated output /T No form feeds /J Don't list lines conditionalized out /W Don't remember literals .HELP PALERR prints PAL8 error messages
&PALERR PAL8.SV ASSEMBLY ERRORS BE Tables overlapped CF REF.SV not on SYS: DE Device error DF Device full IC Illegal character ID Illegal redefinition IE Illegal equals II Illegal indirect IP Illegal pseudo-op IZ Illegal page zero reference LD SYS:ABSLDR.SV not found LG Link generated PE Page exceeded PH End of source conditionalized out RD Redefinition SE Symbol table exceeded UO Undefined origin US Undefined symbol ZE Page 0 exceeded
&RTFLOP RTFLOP.SV @Called by: .RTFLOP RTFLOP>output filespec<input file/options Options: /R Read file from an RT-11 floppy /W Write file onto a floppy in RT-11 format /L List directory of an RT-11 floppy /D Delete a file from an RT-11 floppy /Z Zero an RT-11 floppy (initialize and delete all files) /0 Select drive 0 (default) /1 Select drive 1 Example: RTFLOP>RTFILE.EXT<OSFILE.EX/W/1 copies OSFILE.EX on drive 1 to drive 0 as RTFILE.EXT Errors: Bad slash option not a legal option No option flag required option not specified Bad directory directory requested was in wrong format has never been initialized Handler fetch failed OS/78 handler requested not available OS/78 I/O error I/O error in OS/78 handler Can't specify RT-11 dev device not allowed in RT-11 filespec Need file name file structured devices must have file names Output device full output device has no room for the file File not found requested file not found Segment full no room in RT-11 directory RT-11 Floppy I/O error I/O error on RT-11 floppy OS/78 file overflow RT-11 file larger than available OS/78 space
&SET SET.SV .SET device [NO] parameter(s) devices: terminals: TTY, COM0, COM1, SLU2, SLU3, VLU2, VLU3 line printers: LPT, LQP system (SYS:) device handlers (e.g. RXNS, LPSV, VXA0) Terminal parameters: BAUD nn set baud rate of VT278 printer port COL n Set number of columns used by DIRECT ECHO Restore terminal character echoing ESC Echo ESC as dollar sign HEIGHT n Set number of lines sent between PAUSE PAGE enable the PAGE function PAUSE n Set pause between "pages" from 1-85 seconds. SCOPE Erase character on terminal in response to DEL WIDTH n Set width of terminal to n Line printer parameters: LC do not convert lowercase to uppercase (LPSV only) WIDTH n Set width of lineprinter to n Device handler parameters: .SET HANDLER old new old = Handler to be replaced new = Handler to be inserted Example: .SET HANDLER LPTS LPSV to replace the serial LPT handler with the parallel version NOTE: both old and new handlers must reside on SYS: as handler.HN .SET HANDLER /L Display list of current handlers System parameters: .SET SYS INIT file Request execution of "file" when starting system. Examples: .SET SYS INIT R LOG will execute the file LOG.SV upon boot .SET SYS INIT HELP will execute the CCL command HELP .SET SYS INIT @NEW will execute the file NEW.CM .SET SYS DEVICE logdev handler.hn Transfer current OS/78 system to another logical device "logdev:". System handler to use is "handler.hn". Read the SET command chapter before doing this!
&SUBMIT BATCH.SV @Calling Commands: .SUBMIT spooldev:<batchfile.BI - - - - (batchfile must be on SYS:) @Switches: /E Don't abort on monitor, and CCL errors /H Suppress BATCH log and terminal output /Q Send only $JOB and $MSG lines to log /T Send output from processing to terminal only /U Accept no terminal input except CRTL/C
&LIST &COPY &RENAME &DELETE &TYPE FOTP.SV @Calling Commands: .COPY outdev:file.ex<indev:file.ex (* = wild name or extension) .REN outdev:newfile.ex<indev:oldfile.ex (? = wild character) .DEL dev:file.ex .LIST dev:file.ex - - - - (same as: .COPY LPT:<indev:file.ex) .TYPE dev:file.ex - - - - (same as: .COPY TTY:<indev:file.ex) @Switches: /C Match only files with current date /F Request new device if no room on current device /N No pre-delete /O Match only files with other than today's date /Q Query user about file before operation /T Use today's date /U Treat each input specification separately /V Match files not of form specified
&ASSIGN &DATE &DEASSIGN &GET &MEMORY &R &RUN &SAVE &START &SQUISH &TERMIN &UA &UB &UC &ZERO COMMANDS WITH SINGLE ARGUMENT @Calling Commands: .ASSIGN dev name Assign name to device .DATE dd-mon-yy Enter date into system .DEASSIGN Deassign logical device names .GET dev:file.ex Load memory image (.SV) file .MEMORY n Specify highest memory field available .R file Execute file.sv from SYS .RUN dev:file.ex Execute file.ex from the device .SAVE dev:file.ex Save memory image (.SV) .SQUISH dev: Compress file storage on device .START fnnnn Start execution at location fnnnn (octal) .TERMIN Stop OS/78 operation and run TERMIN.SV .UA (UB, UC) commandline Save commandline (type: .UA<cr> to execute it) .ZERO dev: Zero device's directory
&WRITE If you don't like the HELP files furnished with OS/78, you can write your own. Just follow a few guidelines for changing the text file accessed from HELP. 1. The HELP processor uses standard OS/78 handlers, so any ASCII file that is unpacked (one character/word) or packed in standard OS/78 format can be read. 2. The matching key for entries in the HELP file is &WORD, where "WORD" can be any length. Only the first 6 characters are considered unique for comparison by HELP.SV, and only the first 10 characters are printed by the HELP ? request to list all subjects. 3. The first keyword for a subject must be preceded by a linefeed character. The combination <LF>& indicates a file for a HELP sub- ject. Related keywords can be included under the first, provided they are preceded by only the amphersand. These keywords will also be found by HELP. For example, help requested for COMPILE and FORTRAN access the same subject file. 4. Keywords must be in uppercase, though the text of the HELP subject may be uppper and lowercase. 5. The HELP file may be as long as you like. Any entry in the file can be as long as you like, provided you don't exceed any OS/78 file size limitations. 6. Entries in the file need not be in alphabetical order. However, the list of keywords that reference the file material must be in alphabetical order. The order of subject entries in HELP.HL determines the order of display when the HELP ? command is given. If the subjects are alphabetical, the display across the VDT will be in alphabetical order. RX01/02 system users should note that HELP.SV reads 8 OS/78 blocks at a time when searching for a subject, so users of these systems can shuffle the most frequently referenced HELP commands toward the front of the file to minimize search time. 7. For detailed examples, LIST HELP.HL.



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